Serological and Molecular Diagnosis of Paratuberculosis (Johne’s Disease) Using Milk Samples from Organized and Unorganized Farms in the Indore/Mhow Region
Paratuberculosis, also known as Johne’s disease, affects cattle and other ruminants. The condition causes chronic intestinal infection. It leads to reduced milk production and progressive weight loss. Early detection remains important for controlling its spread. Milk samples offer a practical option for testing large numbers of animals.
Researchers use both serological and molecular methods for diagnosis. Serological tests detect antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is commonly applied to milk samples. This approach allows screening of lactating animals without invasive procedures. Positive results indicate exposure or infection.
Molecular methods provide higher specificity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detects bacterial DNA in milk. This technique can identify the pathogen even in subclinical cases. Combining serological and molecular tests improves diagnostic accuracy. Together, they help distinguish true infections from false results.
The Indore and Mhow region contains both organized and unorganized dairy farms. Organized farms usually maintain better records and hygiene practices. Unorganized farms often have limited disease monitoring systems. Comparative studies in these settings reveal differences in disease prevalence. Testing milk samples from both types of farms provides useful local data.
Several factors influence test results. Stage of infection affects antibody levels and bacterial shedding. Sample quality and storage conditions also play a role. Proper collection and handling of milk improve reliability. Regular screening supports better herd management decisions.
Using milk-based diagnosis offers clear advantages. It reduces stress on animals and lowers testing costs. The method suits large-scale surveillance programs. Findings from the Indore/Mhow region can guide local control strategies. Combined serological and molecular testing strengthens efforts to manage paratuberculosis in dairy herds.