Human Genome Project and Genomic Medicine
The Human Genome Project began in 1990.
It was an international scientific effort.
The goal was to map all human genes.
Scientists finished the project in 2003.
The project revealed the sequence of DNA.
It showed about 20,000 to 25,000 genes.
This knowledge changed modern biology.
It became the foundation of genomic medicine.
Genomic medicine uses DNA for healthcare.
It helps doctors understand genetic risks.
It can identify mutations that cause disease.
It supports early diagnosis and prevention.
Cancer treatment uses genomic data.
Tumors are tested for specific mutations.
Doctors choose targeted therapies.
This makes treatment more effective.
Genomic medicine also aids rare diseases.
Many conditions come from single-gene defects.
DNA sequencing helps find them.
Families get faster answers and better care.
Pharmacogenomics is another field.
It studies how genes affect drug response.
This avoids harmful side effects.
It helps choose the right medicine for each person.
Ethical issues remain important.
Privacy of genetic data must be protected.
Access to genomic care is unequal.
Debates about genetic editing continue.
The Human Genome Project was a milestone.
It opened the era of precision medicine.
It continues to shape the future of healthcare.
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